Petroleum burner and heater



(No Mogil.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

I IELBAKER.

v PETROLEUM BURNER AND HEATER.

Patented July 26, 1881..

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. E. BAKER.

PETROLEUM BURNER AND HEATER.

No. 244,785. 1 Patented July 26,1881.

N. PETERS. Pholo-hfipgnpban Washinglnn. 0.0.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELBRIDGE BAKER, ()F MA LDEN, MA$SACHUSETTS.

PETROLEUM BURNER ANDHEATER.

\ SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Iatent No..244,78 5, dated July 26, 1881,

Application filed December 4, 1880. (No model.)

To all whom'z't may concern:

Be it known that I, ELBRIDGE BAKER,

Malden, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and use ful Improvements in Petroleum-Burning Heaters adapted for Heating Railway-Oars and for other'Purposes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the same.

' I am aware that many devices for burning the light distillates'of petroleum with a mode of operation in its general character similarto mine have heretofore been produced; but such devices are not generally applicable in the burning of crude petroleum or the heavier pro-j ducts of the distillation of the same. the practical difficulties encountered is the de struction of the exposed parts of the burner under the intense heat produced in the perfect combustion of petroleum. This practical dijficulty has been overcome by my apparatus to such an extent that it ceases to be'an obstacle to the successful use of petroleum as a fuel for the generation of heat for any purpose desired. I'am also aware that heating apparatus with descending and ascending fines has been made, and therefore I do not propose such flnes, broadly. f V,

Iam also aware that heaters have been placed pendent under the floors or cars. or in other structures, and thereforeIdo not propose to claim a pendent heater, broadly.

My invention consists, first,'in a burner-face of asbestus paper, having numerous perforations for the passage of the gasmixed with atmospheric air; second, in the combustionchamber with hot-air tubes and lateral outlets for theproducts of combustion without destruction of the burner; third, in the structure of the beater, whereby cool air is admitted, heat ed, during its passage, and permitted to escape; fourth, in the structure which permits my heater tobe suspended below the floor of a railway car or other structure, and discharge its heated air through proper openings in said floor.

Having now-set forth in generalterms the elements of my invention, I will more particularly describe an apparatus GOIlStIllGtGd'iIl accordance therewith, and which maybe consid- '50 cred typical of my invention. However, I do same. 1 same. 1 burner. 3 gas-nozzle. One of l or other liquid hydrocarbon. As before stated,

not design to be confined to the minute details of structure shown, because to adapt it to the various special uses to which it may be applicable will require some structural variations without in any way departing from the princl- 5 5 ples or mode of operation of my invention.

l Reference is made to the accompanying draw- ;ings, wherein- Figure l is a perspective View, showing my apparatus as a pendent heater for a railway- 60 car. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section of the Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the Fig. 4 is an enlarged section of the Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the A is the reservoir for holding the petroleum crude-petroleum or the heavy distillates of the same are preferred, because they hold a larger percentage of carbon.

The reservoir A may be located at any proper or convenient place, and the requisite pressure in the feed-pipe near the burner may be secured by elevating the reservoir so that the gravity of the liquid will produce the requisite pressure or, if it is not convenient to produce pressure in that way, air may be forced into said reservoir with such pressure as may be required.

B is the feed-pipe, extending from the reservoir A to theburner O.

Immediately above the burner O and within the combustion-chamberD there is a conversion or gasgenerating chamber, into which the liquid-hydrocarbon isintroduced, and is therein converted into vapor or gas. This conversion-chamber or gas-generator is most conveniently constructed by coiling the feed-pipe, as at D, the inlet being at the bottom of the coil. From the conversion-chamber the gas is conducted and discharged at 1), within an inspio rator, E, whereby an inflow of air is produced at the open end of saidinspirator, to be mingled with the hydrocarbon gas before issuing from the burner at d, in the combustion-chamber;

These are, in general, the essential parts of 9 5 the apparatus for introducing, converting, and burning the hydrocarbon.

I The particular parts of this apparatus to which important novelty is attached are, first,

the inspirator; second, the burner. roe

The inspirator is composed of a gas-jet, which bears a particular relation to the air-inlet, to induce a regular and maximum flow of air into the mixing chamber I The orifice through which the gas issues presents two hollow conic frustums, as at h, with their smaller bases joined. The angle of divergence of the sides from the axis should be twenty-two and a half degrees, or thereabout. The diameter of the orifice will vary with reference to the specific gravity of the hydrocarbon to be employed, being larger for light oils and smaller for the heavier grades. The gas issuing from this nozzle escapes in an expanding conical jet, which at a distance from the nozzle about equal to the diameter of the air-tube will completely fill said tube, carrying forward with it all the air within the tube, and thereby maintaining a partial vacuum behind it, which the atmospheric pressure behind will tend constantly to fill. By this arrangement the jet of issuing gas will move a maximum quantity of air into the mixing-chamber F.

The secondfeature is the structure of the burner. Perfect combustion of petroleum-gas with proper admixture of air gives out so intense a heat that no ordinary materials are sufficiently refractory to resist it. I am aware that perforated brick or terra-cotta have been employed, but they are not adapted to use in a portable apparatus, and are too cumbersome for advantageous use. Ihave overcome all difficulties on this score by facing my burners with asbcstus-paper, with numerous perforations, through which the mingled gas and air may issue to be burned. Asbestus in the form of paper. fabric supplies the want in this respect perfectly. It may be caused to present perforations more or less numerous, as

desired, and it is so refractory and so perfect a non-conductor that it resists all practicable degrees of heat and protects perfectly the less refractory substance beneath it. In my burner, therefore, I first place a piece of wiregauze or perforated metal, 0, and secure it around the edges to the frame or rim of the mixing-chamber; and upon this wire-gauze I place one or more thicknesses of asbestus-paper, g, with perforations as numerous as I find to be advantageous. The gas issues through these perforations and burns as a jet at each one, fillingthe combustion-chamber with flame. The products of combustion escape through one or more openings, G, at the sides of the apparatus. No chimney is required to produce a draft, because the gases being forced in by the entering-jet inspirator are in the same way driven out by the internal pressure in the combustion-chamber. A series of tubes, H H, pass up through the combustion-chamber, and, being bathed on all sides by flames and hot products of combustion, are highly heated. The cool air enters said tubes at their lower ends and escapes at their upper ends into the hot-air chamber I, whence it escapes either into conductors or directly into the chamber or apartment to be warmed through the grating or register J.

To prevent loss of heat by radiation, I surround the heater with a jacket, K, and cause the fresh, cool air to enter the space between the jacket and heater at the top of the jacket through orifices k, which may, if desired, be provided with a register to control the entering air. The entering air therefore passes down outside the heater and takes up the heat which is being radiated therefrom. After passing downward inside the jacket K the aircurrent enters the lower ends of the tubes H, and, passing upward through them, issues into the chamber I, and is thence distributed, as set forth above.

The upper part of the heateris constructed with a plate, L, which is provided with a flange, whereby the whole structure may be attached by bolts to the under side of a car or other floor, and the inflow of cool air through the orifices will keep the temperature of plate L and its flange so low that there will be no danger of injury to the wood-work which may be in contact with said flange. For the purpose of a carheater, I propose to suspend this heater beneath the car, as shown, and it may be desirable to apply it in a similar way to other structures. It is evident, however, that if desirable the heater may he supported otherwise than by its rim L, and that the heat generated may be applied to other purposes than the heating of air.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new is- 1. A refractory burner-face for gaseous fuel consisting, essentially, of a sheet or sheets of asbestus-paper having numerous perforations, substantially as described.

2. The mixing-chamberFand burner d, combined with a combustion-chamber closed at its top and provided with the lateral outlets G G and the heating-tubes H, which pass through said combustion-chamber and are open at their ends exterior to said chamber, as set forth.

3. A heater for burning liquid hydrocarbon provided with a feed-tube and inspirator and with a mixing-chamber and burner beneath a combustion-chamber, which is closed at its top, combined with heating-tubes H, which pass through said combustion-chamber and discharge into a hot-air chamber above the combustion-chamber, and a jacket exterior to the heater, provided with air-inlets at the top, as set forth.

4. Apendent heater for railway-cars having atop plate, L, provided with perforations k, for the admission of cool air, whereby said plate is kept cool, and a flange whereby the heater may be attached to the floor from which it is suspended.

ELBRIDGE BAKER.

Witnesses R. D. 0. SMITH, WM. G. SLINEY. 

